LIMA — Peru’s president was ousted from office on Wednesday after he tried to dissolve Congress and install an emergency government to rule by decree, a stunning move that political leaders across the spectrum were quick to denounce as a coup attempt.
President Pedro Castillo’s announcement came hours before Congress had already scheduled a vote on impeaching Mr. Castillo on corruption charges. After Mr. Castillo’s speech, Congress moved up its meeting and swiftly voted to remove him as president.
By late Wednesday afternoon, Mr. Castillo was under arrest and his vice president, Dina Boluarte, was sworn in as president, becoming the first woman to lead the country.
“We need the best of Peruvians,’’ Ms. Boluarte, 60, a lawyer and longtime civil servant, said, “Governing Peru will not be an easy task.”
Mr. Castillo’s announcement echoed a move by President Alberto Fujimori, who was elected democratically in 1990 and then two years later staged a coup with the support of the military and ruled as a dictator until 2000. He is now in prison on charges of corruption and human rights abuses.
Peru has already been hobbled by years of high-level corruption scandals resulting in six presidents since 2016. Mr. Castillo’s tenure had only deepened the sense that the country’s political system is broken.
Mr. Castillo’s attempt to challenge Congress plunged the fragile democracy into its biggest political crisis in years.
“We have taken the decision to establish an emergency government, to reestablish the rule of law and democracy,’’ Mr. Castillo said, adding that elections would be held for a new Congress “with the ability to draft a new Constitution.” Mr. Castillo said.
But it quickly became apparent that his announcement had little support, prompting the mass resignation of much of his government and a joint statement from Peru’s armed forces and the police suggesting that Mr. Castillo did not have the legal authority to carry out his decree and would not support him.
Local television showed images of Mr. Castillo, 53, and his family leaving the presidential palace. He was taken to a police station in Lima, thought it was unclear what charges he faced.
The U.S. Embassy in Lima also issued a statement condemning Mr. Castillo. “The United States emphatically urges President Castillo to reverse his attempt to close Congress and allow democratic institutions in Peru to work according to the constitution,’’ the embassy said in a tweet. “We encourage the Peruvian public to stay calm during this uncertain time.”
Following Mr. Castillo’s announcement, his personal lawyer and several members of his administration resigned, including the ministers of economy, justice and human rights, environment, transportation, culture and women; the ambassador at the Organization of American States; and the minister of foreign affairs, who tweeted that the president’s decision was “violating the Constitution.”
“A coup d’état has been produced,” said Francisco Morales, the head of the Constitutional Court. He called on the armed forces to help reestablish order.
The Ombudsman’s office demanded “the immediate resignation” of Mr. Castillo and called on Peruvian leader to turn himself in to the judicial authorities.
Following a fresh round of corruption allegations, Congress had scheduled a vote for Wednesday afternoon on a motion to impeach Mr. Castillo, the third such attempt.
Since the beginning of his tenure, Mr. Castillo has been plagued by high-level corruption scandals, criminal investigations and cabinet turnover. Prosecutors have accused him of leading a criminal organization with lawmakers and family members to profit off government contracts, and of repeatedly obstructing justice.
Last month, the Peruvian leader also threatened to dissolve Congress using a contentious constitutional maneuver and local media outlets recently reported that he tried to survey military leaders about supporting such a move.
During Mr. Castillo’s tenure, he churned through more than 80 ministers and filled many posts with political allies lacking relevant experience, some of whom have faced investigations for corruption, domestic violence and murder.
After Mr. Castillo’s defense minister resigned on Saturday, citing personal reasons, rumors of a military coup — in favor and against Mr. Castillo — went viral on social media, leading some opposition lawmakers to stay the night in Congress on Sunday for fear of a violent attempt by armed forces to close the chamber. No such attempt was made.
On Tuesday, the head of Peru’s army submitted his resignation, citing personal reasons, in a letter made public on Wednesday.
Mr. Castillo, a former farmer, schoolteacher and union activist with no previous governing experience, narrowly defeated Keiko Fujimori, a career right-wing politician, in last year’s election after campaigning to support poor Peruvians who had been left behind by the country’s economic expansion this century.
His victory reflected the growing disillusionment in Peru of an elite political class that has been tainted by years of back-to-back graft scandals and infighting. Two of Mr. Castillo’s predecessors faced two impeachment motions each, and both considered them unlawful.
Former President Martín Vizcarra, the only Peruvian leader to be successfully ousted before Mr. Castillo, left office after the vote in 2020, but filed an appeal before the Constitutional Tribunal, which declined to weigh in on its legality.
In a televised message to the nation late on Tuesday, Mr. Castillo said the impeachment motion was part of the same bid to keep him from governing that has dogged him since his victory over Ms. Fujimori, who led a weekslong campaign to overturn the election results based on unfounded claims of fraud.
“Throughout the 17 months of my administration, a certain sector of Congress has focused solely on removing me from office, because they never accepted the results of an election that you, dear Peruvians, defined with your votes,” Mr. Castillo said Tuesday.
“I’m not corrupt,” he added. “I’m a man from the countryside who has been paying the mistakes for his inexperience but who has never committed a crime.”
Genevieve Glatsky contributed reporting from Bogotá, Colombia, and Elda Cantú from Mexico City.
